On the occasion of fifty years of the international technology transfer debates and. Technology transfer is much discussed but is defined in different ways depending on the context. Pdf international technology transfer douglas santos. These three pillars of the universitys mission come together in the modernday effort of technology transfer. Information technology industry and related transfer pricing issues. Transfer of technology and knowledge sharing for development science, technology and innovation issues for developing countries united nations conference on trade and development. Unpacking the international technology transfer debate. Technology transfer technology transfer is the process by which a developer of technology makes its technology available to a commercial partner that will exploit the technology. Scenarios for the future of technology and international.
The international technology transfer process 1980. Information technology industry and related transfer. Technology transfer is the process by which basic science research and fundamental discoveries are developed into practical and commercially relevant applications and products. As opposed to the literature background, the authors propose their own classification of technology transfer barriers comprising the following. International technology transfer in services article pdf available in journal of international business studies 274. Roffe unpacking the international technology transfer debate. International technology transfer contracts in egypt. Pdf the main aim of the article is further development of the idea of the key role of international technology transfer in developing countries. The secretariat of the united nations conference on trade and development unctad is implementing a work programme on international investment agreements. This report builds on the rockefeller foundations growing body of work in the. Technology transfer and the economic implications of the. In particular, it emphasizes research on management practices and strategies for technology transfer.
International technology transfer globalnegotiator. Moreover, the journal explores the external environment that. Technology transfer to china guidance for businesses the china ipr sme helpdesk provides european small and mediumsized enterprises smes with free, confidential, businessfocused advice relating to china ipr. It seeks to help developing countries to participate as effectively as possible in international investment rulemaking at the bilateral, regional, plurilateral and multilateral levels. Technology is a vital part of the development process, a necessary input into all activity. Maskus professor of economics, university of colorado at boulder, usa may 2004 intellectual property rights and sustainable development. Radosevic, slavo, international technology transfer and catch up in economic development, edward elgar, cheltenham, 1999.
Organised by the world intellectual property organisation wipo. The paper presents the definition and classifications of barriers in the field of innovation activity. International centre for trade and sustainable development ictsd. International technology transfer and the technology gap. Because of the historical domination of research and development by developed countries, a very large part of the technology used is transferred from developed. The technology transfer provisions apply also when a contract includes the transfer of technology as an ancillary element. Multinational enterprises and international technology.
Private firms are becoming more important in agricul tural technology transfer, a field once dominated by. To gain insight into the causes of these difficulties we used a grounded theory approach to describe the process of international production technology transfer. International transfer pricing journal, 2007 volume 14, no 4 published. View international technology transfer research papers on academia. Up, research center in economics and finance, university of porto. Pdf defining the concepts of technology and technology. Trade, foreign direct investment, and international. Technology transfer as the process of pharmaceutical quality system. In doing so, the analysis places a particular emphasis on the technology transferintellectual.
Modelling technology transfer as a process strategy 303 fig. Spring, 1992 the international transfer of technology 211 world, 8 proposed that technology means the systematic knowledge for the manufacture of a product, for the application of a process or for the rendering of a service, including any integrally associated managerial and marketing techniques. Technology transfer dictionary of international trade. This article focuses on technology transfer in universities and research institutions, and describes wipos practical approach to technology transfer in the context of the organizations work to promote the strategic use of ip for economic development. Defining the concepts of technology and technology.
Pdf international technology transfer and catchup in economic. International technology transfer and the technology gap amy jocelyn glass a, kamal saggi b,1 a department of economics, the ohio state uni. This paper presents an empirical analysis of the influence of the strength of intellectual property rights iprs on technology transfer to developing nations. Unpacking the international technology transfer debate ictsd. It seeks to juxtapose issues of technological capacity, innovation and economic development with international technology transfer negotiations over the past decades. One goal of this article is to help identify the role policy plays in facilitating international technology transfer. However the authors think that the suggested technology transfer model, needs further development in details. Technology, globalization, and international competitiveness 31 specialization and exchange. Introduction it is a process which is mainly concerned with the transfer of technology from the research areas to the production and quality assurance environment. International code of conduct on the transfer of technology. Technology transfer, foreign direct investment and international trade leonard k.
Oecd ilibrary international technology transfer policies. The central and eastern europe experience warsaw school of economics center of international production cooperation, al. Informal technology transfer refers to transfer that happens without directed efforts toward putting a technology into. The literatures on technology transfer and international technology transfer are extensive and varied in perspective from various disciplines which include political science, economics, sociology, public policy, marketing and management of technology kumar et al. Pdf international technology transfer policies researchgate. This paper analyzes national and international policy options to encourage the international transfer of technology, distinguishing between four major channels of such transfer. Pdf concerns are growing about policies and measures that restrict market access with the effect of forcing technology transfer. Encouraging international technology transfer unctadictsd project on iprs and sustainable development unctad ictsd international centre for trade and sustainable development issue paper no. Technology transfer occurs either informally or formally. Recognizes that the conditions do not currently exist to reach full agreement on all outstanding issues in the draft code of conduct on the transfer of technology and also that, should governments indicate, either directly or through the secretarygeneral of unctad reporting in accordance with general assembly resolution 46214 of 20 dec. Technology transfer is related to the innovation process and can be viewed as the subset of that process that is concerned with innovations that are technologies. Read chapter international technology transfer process. Qiu, and guofu tan department of economics hong kong university of science and technology clear water bay, kowloon hong kong august 1999 abstract by developing a ricardian trade model that features technology transfer via foreign. Multinational corporations and technology transfers in.
Efforts to target forced technology transfer are complicated by the sometimes blurred line between voluntary and mutually agreed upon technology transfers and that which is. Technology transfer requires a proactive approach that combines engaging researchers, promoting the technology, and encouraging potential industrial partners to use the technology. The journal of technology transfer, the official journal of the technology transfer society, provides an international forum for the exchange of ideas that enhance and build an understanding of the practice of technology transfer. We also examine the impact on operational performance that is generated by engaging policy makers and managers in the work of technology transfer to provide new ideas and methods, and analyze the basis for assessing. Eventually, the development of the semiconductor spawned the current information technology revolution. The movement of scientific methods of production or distribution from one enterprise, institution or country to another, as through foreign investment, international trade, licensing of patents rights, technical assistance or training.
The international technology transfer agreement is a model contract used by companies for technology transfer, either through granting intellectual property rights patents, trademarks, utility models, industrial designs or technical assistance and know how. International technology transfer, which occurs when a country acquires, imitates, or adapts technology devel oped elsewhere, helps determine a countrys level of agricultural productivity. The ultimate objective is to pose the question of relevance of some existing models and ideas like technological independence in an increasingly globalised world economy. Being the elasticities of f, s, and r, respectively. Technology transfer tt is the process of sharing of skills, knowledge, technologies, methods of manufacturing, samples of manufacturing and facilities among governments and other institutions. The range of relevant policies is clearly quite large. On the basis of the wording of article 73, the provisions of technology transfer do not seem to apply to transfer of knowhow when the knowhow is not technical business knowhow, marketing and financial strategies etc. International journal of technology transfer and commercialisation, from inderscience publishers, covers knowledge, technology transfer and diffusion, and commercialisation and related disciplines. International technology transfer of technology and d istribution of technology capabilities. University technology transfer why we do what we do universities have served for centuries to teach, to generate new knowledge through research, and to serve society. Technology transfer as the process of pharmaceutical.