A copy of the hospital anxiety and depression had sca openi. The hospital anxiety and depression scale 363 table 1 numbers of patients in each category according to subscale scores depression scale non doubtful scores cases cases cases 07 57 11 1 810 8 7 3 1121 1 4 8 and the rating scale of any respondent who replied positively to either of these questions was discarded. The hads is widely used but has shown ambiguous results both regarding the factor structure and sex differences in the prevalence of depressive symptoms. Beck depression inventory bdi and the hospital anxiety and depression scale.
Regarding the analysis of age on the anxiety and depression subscales, age groups were classified as follows. I wake early and then sleep badly for the rest of the night. However, uk normative data from hads remain limited. The hads questionnaire is pertinent for detecting symptoms of anxiety. Validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads spinal cord. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a brief selfreporting twodimensional questionnaire developed to screen for levels of anxiety and depression among patients in a general hospital setting. Originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing. This site is like a library, you could find million book here by using search box in the header. We used data of a multicenter study including 2141 cancer patients.
Validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale to assess depression and anxiety following traumatic brain injury as compared with the structured clinical interview for dsmiv. A secondary aim was to examine the factor structure of the had. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads hospital anxiety and depression scale hads detects states of anxiety and depression in an adult population. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads instructions. If your doctor knows about these feelings he or she will be able to help you more. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. It has been translated and validated in many languages, but the existing arabic version was not validated in hospitalized patients. Validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale for use with adolescents. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads has been translated and widely used in several countries to assess. The purpose of the study was to compare the had with the beck depression inventory bdi and spielbergers state trait anxiety inventory stai. Pdf hospital anxiety and depression scale hads aastha. Doctors are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses.
Scores of 07 in respective subscales are considered normal, with 810 borderline and 11 or over indicating clinical caseness. To conduct a psychometric evaluation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads and to evaluate associations of 2 measures of psychological distress with the hads anxiety hadsa and hads depression hadsd subscales in acute lung injury ali survivors. The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale and. The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale and the geriatric depression scale table 3 sensitivity, speci. However uk normative data from hads remains limited. Identical scoring thresholds for depression severity have been established kroenke. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a valid and reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression in both hospital and community settings. The objectives of this study were to present some psychometric properties of the hads on a large sample of french employees. The depression items tend to focus on the anhedonic symptoms of depression. The hospital anxiety and depression scale health and.
Full details of the method of construction of the hads is given. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads description. Bgp article hospital anxiety and depression had scale. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is an instrument designed to detect the presence and severity of mild degrees of mood disorder, anxiety and depression. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet yes definitely yes sometimes no, not much no, not at all 1. The questions relating to anxiety are marked a, and to depression d.
Subjects rate the 14 items on a fivepoint scale 04. Included were 151 patients, mean age of 47 years, femalemale. Hospital anxiety and depression scale occupational. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads springerlink. Pdf portuguese hospital anxiety and depression scale. This may not be the complete list of references from this article. Defining hospital anxiety and depression scale hads annals of.
Participants were interrogated regarding the following. It is used extensively in france, but has never been the subject of a full study in a population at work. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely used in both research and clinical contexts. The italian version of the depression anxiety stress scales21. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads can be used as a diagnostic aid with adolescents, with modifications to the cutoffs reflecting lower rates of depression among adolescents than among adults and higher rates of anxiety. Yes definitely yes sometimes no, not much no, not at all 1.
The 15th and 16th items represent the total anxiety and depression score of. Hads is a selfreport questionnaire consisting of 16 items, the first 14 of which are scored. Anxiety and depression are major factors impacting patients quality of life, and the associated symptoms inability to concentrate, loss of motivation, disturbed sleep, fatigue, pessimistic mood may influence their ability to benefit from treatment and rehabilitation programs. Thirteen drawings based on the hospital anxiety and depression scale depicting symptoms of anxiety disorders and depression were drawn. Potential participants were selected by consulting clinical files, whereas. Assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population. The hads hospital anxiety and depression scale aims to measure symptoms of anxiety hads anxiety and depression hads depression. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely used to predict and diagnose hospital anxiety and depression.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was devised 30 years ago by zigmond and snaith 1 to measure anxiety and depression in a general medical population of patients. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads tick the box beside the. Often, these studies report results from a small range of cutoff thresholds. This is a self screening questionnaire for depression and anxiety. They should give an immediate response and be dissuaded from thinking too long about their answers. Handling missing items in the hospital anxiety and. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads, a fourpoint, 14item questionnaire, was tested as a screening method for adjustment disorders and major depressive disorders in a sample of 210. Psychometric evaluation of the hospital anxiety and. Read each item and circle the reply which comes closest to. Jul, 2019 hospital anxiety and depression scale hads tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. Full details of the method of construction of the hads is given in the publication presenting it but, briefly, patients.
Introduction the depression subscale of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hadsd has been recommended for depression screening in medically ill patients. Ii how does hads perform as a case finder for anxiety disorders and depression. Dec 16, 2014 the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a questionnaire widely used for detecting anxiety and depressive disorders. Participants described emotions and thoughts depicted in the. Depression subscale of the hospital anxiety and depression. Seven of the items relate to anxiety and seven relate to depression. The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale and the geriatric depression scale in parkinsons disease federica mondoloa. We carried out a post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial, comparing cervical disc replacement to fusion for radiculopathy related to degenerative disc disease.
The study was conducted in the setting of a general medical hospital outpatient clinic. Reliability and validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale and the beck depression inventory full and fastscreen scales in detecting depression in persons with hepatitis c. How do i interpret the hospital anxiety and depression scale. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. Factor structure and psychometric properties on community and clinical samples gioia bottesia. Read each item and place a firm tick in the box opposite the reply which. This questionnaire is designed to help your doctor know how you feel. Using the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads, these approaches are demonstrated and compared for 2 subject samples, comprising 901 oncologic. Outcome measure hospital anxiety and depression scale hads sensitivity to change yes population adult domain psychological status anxiety and depression type of measure selfreport scale icfcodes b152 emotional functions description the hads is a 14item selfreport measure, with seven items forming a depression subscale and another seven measuring anxiety. Factor structure, item analyses and internal consistency in a large population.
In a crosssectional study, the hadsd and the bdi were applied to patients undergoing spine surgery for lumbar n9 or cervical spondylosis n17. Comparisons were made between the pain drawing and age, sex, smoking, and employment status as well as hads and vas. A 14item questionnaire with two subscales, researchers have used the subscales separately, or as a composite score to measure or screen for distress, in various fields including oncology, cardiology, psychology and psychiatry, both in research and clinical capacities. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads pdf book. The hospital anxiety and depression had scale is a 14item questionnaire aimed at assessing patients symptoms of anxiety seven questions and depression seven questions. The pain drawing was evaluated according to four established methods, now modified for cervical conditions. The aims of this study were to examine the usefulness of the hospital anxiety and depression rating scale hads for gps by. Pdf measurement of change with the hospital anxiety and. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week.
This is a sample version of the hospital anxiety and. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was developed by zigmond and snaith in 1983 to identify caseness possible and probable of anxiety disorders and depression among patients in nonpsychiatric hospital clinics. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression. Diagnostic accuracy of the depression subscale of the. Cervical spine, degenerative disc disease, hospital anxiety and depression scale, pain drawings, pain modality, surgical treatment introduction pain drawings have been a common tool, allowing patients to communicate pain without the necessity of an elaborate language for quite some time. Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a valid. Frontiers symptoms of anxiety and depression in young. Aug 01, 2003 construction of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads the study was conducted in the setting of a general medical hospital outpatient clinic. The italian version of the depression anxiety stress.
The 15th and 16th items represent the total anxiety and depression score of the questionnaire. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was designed to provide a simple yet reliable tool for use in medical practice. Dental anomalies were significantly p dec 14, 2005 general practitioners gps diagnostic skills lead to underidentification of generalized anxiety disorders gad and major depressive episodes mde. Hospital anxiety and depression scale patientreported. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a widely used questionnaire in health research. Rmenesesetal2007portuguese hospital anxiety and depression scale hads usefulness in focal epilepsy. The hamilton rating scale for depression hrsd, abridged as hamd, is a multipleitem questionnaire that can provide an index of depression, useful as a guide in evaluating recovery and not as a diagnostic tool, as hamilton pointed out8,9. It was divided into an anxiety subscale hadsa and a depression subscale hadsd both containing seven intermingled items. Preoperatively the patients completed a pain drawing, the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads, and a visual analogue scale.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale health and quality of. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, in patients. Preoperatively the patients completed a pain drawing, the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads, and a visual analogue scale vas. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, a physician in general hospital practice said that. Hospital anxiety and depression scale, hds page 2 of 4 4 i can laugh and see the funny side of things as much as i always could 0 not quite so much now 1 definitely not so much now 2 not at all 3 5 worrying thoughts go through my mind a great deal of the time 3 a lot of the time 2 not too often 1 very little 0 6 i feel cheerful never 3 not. Supplement of brief questionnaires could improve the diagnostic accuracy of gps for these common mental disorders. Read online hospital anxiety and depression scale hads book pdf free download link book now. Hospital anxiety and depression scale rehabmeasures database. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads doctors are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale 363 table 1 numbers of patients in each category according to subscale scores depression anxiety scale non doubtful scale non doubtful scores cases cases cases scwres cases cases. The patient should be instructed not to take too long over their replies. The beauty of the hads score is its simplicity, speed and ease. The hospital anxiety and depression scale had was evaluated in a swedish population sample. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet. To reduce the risk of a false positive bias, the scale does not assess symptoms of anxiety and depression related to. It has become a popular tool, for clinical practice and research. I get very frightened or have panic feelings for apparently no reason at all.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing. Many existing hadsd studies have used exploratory methods to select optimal cutoffs. To evaluate the accuracy of the depression subscale of hospital anxiety and depression scale hadsd in spine surgery, comparing it to beck depression inventory bdi. Diagnostic accuracy was investigated for the generalized anxiety disorder screener gad.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale the hads is a selfadministered scale consisting of 14 items split across anxiety and depression subscales, each with a fourpoint ordinal response format. Development and validation of arabic version of the. Discriminant validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale, beck depression inventory ii and beck anxiety inventory to confirmed clinical diagnosis of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Drawing on clark and watsons 16 tripartite theory of anxiety and. The respondent rates each item on a 4point scale ranging from 0 absence to 3 extreme presence. Anxiety and depression affect pain drawings in cervical. Hospital anxiety and depression scale occupational medicine. Com the internet journal of mental health volume 5 number 2. James university hospital, leeds, yorkshire, england abstract a selfassessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxi. Pdf the validity of the hospital anxiety and depression. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads in different groups of dutch subjects. Assessment of the structure of the hospital anxiety and. A two dimension scale developed to identify depression and anxiety among physically ill patients.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale article pdf available in journal of postgraduate medical institute 314 december 2017 with 245 reads. Pain drawing results were not affected by age, sex. Hospital anxiety and depression scale manual 2019 natural. The result of the study undertaken for this purpose was published under the title of the hospital anxiety and depression scale 11. The hads has been used as a screening tool for assessment of anxiety. Assessment of the structure of the hospital anxiety and depression. The hospital anxiety and depression scale 363 table 1 numbers of patients in each category according to subscale scores depression scale non doubtful scores cases cases cases 07 57 11 1 810 8 7 3 1121 1 4 8 and the rating scale of any respondent who replied positively to either of these. The depressive and anxiety subscales are used to measure the severity of each disorder, with each. Assessment of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Normative data for the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Anxiety depression summary the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population through selfreporting. I how are the factor structure, discriminant validity and the internal consistency of hads.
A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression. Pdf assessment of the hospital anxiety and depression. Original article psychological evaluation by using the. The present study gives evidence for using hads to detect anxious and. Each question is given a numerical score of 03 rated by the patients as to how often they experience those specific symptoms. Hads gives clinically meaningful results as a psychological screening tool and can assess the symptom severity and caseness of anxiety disorders and depression in patients with. Jul 27, 2014 the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely used in both research and clinical contexts. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a person is experiencing.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a bidirectional selfassessment scale used to screen for clinical depression and anxiety in hospital outpatient medical clinics. The result of the study undertaken for this purpose was published under the title of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads patients are asked to choose one response from the four given for each interview. Reliability and factor structure of the hospital anxiety.